Herbs in Dentifrices for Dental care and Hygiene:

A Comprehensive Review

Hindustan Abdul Ahad*, Chinthaginjala Haranath, Sreenivasulu Kondaveeti, Srikanth Konjeti, Sreevidya Gangireddy,

Omer Ibrahim

Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER)-Autonomous, Ananthapuramu – 515721, Andhra Pradesh, India.

*Corresponding Author E-mail: abdulhindustan@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:

The aim of this investigation was to review the literature on the possessions of herbal tooth powders to tackle cleaning and maintaining dental hygiene. A broad exploration was intended and the articles were autonomously curtained. Extensive varieties of natural herbs used as toothbrushes, prophylaxis, and treatment of gingivitis/infections and organoleptic characteristics that are to be applied on teeth with a toothbrush were incorporated. A lot of herbal dentifrices were listed out in this review. The study concludes and gave a well-supported document for quick reference to the herbs which are used for cleansing and maintaining tooth hygiene.

KEYWORDS: Herbal, tooth hygiene, anti-bacterial, prophylaxis.

INTRODUCTION:

Herbal preparations are gaining importance as they are safe, affordable, user-friendly and compatibility^1-3. The preparations which are used to endorse the appeal and to maintain the health of teeth are termed as dentifrices⁴. The primary function of tooth powder is cleaning and secondarily for maintaining oral hygiene⁵. They are used with toothbrushes or index finger. The tooth powders are intended to deliver prophylactic medicine and oral hygiene material. In addition to oral bracing, amputation of food elements, lessening of insincere plaque and tooth polishing. These tooth powders mainly contain abrasives, detergents, sweetener, preservatives, antioxidants, and organoleptic additives⁶. Marketed tooth powders are available with synthetic material and used in tooth powders, which may injure gum and teeth.

Hence, an attempt was made in exploring herbals used in tooth powders and brought in this paper which will help as a quick reference for the scholars and researchers for fabricating any tooth powders.

Ideal property of tooth powder:

An ideal tooth powder should bear the following characteristics⁷.

· Decent abrasive outcome

· Divulge no tint in tooth

· Economically offered

· Effortlessly accessible

· Extended commotion

· Nonirritant

· Non-toxic

· Preserve the mouth fresh and hygienic

The natural toothbrushes used traditionally with their chemical constituents were tabulated in table 1.

Table 1: Name of natural toothbrushes with chemical constituents

Botanical name	Common name	Chemical Constituents	Activity	Reference
Acacia Arabica	Babool	Phlobatannins, Gallic acid and Leucoanthocyanidin	Astringent	8
Aegle marmelos	Japanese bitter orange	Alkaloids	Antibacterial	9
Achyranthes aspera	Prickly chaff flower	Triterpenoids, saponins and long-chain alcohols	Antibacterial	10
Azadirachta indica	Neem	Nimbin, Azadirachtin and Nimbidin	Antibacterial activity, Anti-inflammatory, Anti-oxidant and Anti-malarial	11
Emblica officinalis	Indian gooseberry	Emblicanin	Anti-oxidant	12
Ficus benghalensis	Indian Banyan	Anthocyanins and Leucodelphinidin	Analgesic and antioxidant	13
Hibiscus rosasinensis	Rose mallow	Tannins, Anthraquinones, phenols and Alkaloids	Antimicrobial	14
Mangifera indica	Mango	Protocatechic acid, Catechin, Mangiferin and Alanine	Antibacterial and Anti-oxidant	15
Pongamia pinnata	Indian beech	Demethoxy-kanugin, kaempferol, pongamol and pongapin	Antibacterial and Anti-inflammatory	16
Salvadora persica	Mustard tree	Octacosanol,1-triacontanol, β-sitosterol	Antibacterial and Astringent	17
Syzygium cumini	Black plum	Betulinic acid Friedelin and Eugenin	Anti-inflammatory	18

The herbs used as ingredients in tooth powders were summarized in table 2.

Table 2: Herbs as ingredients in tooth powders

Botanical name	Common name	Chemical Constituents	Reference
Antigingivitis
Salvadora persica	Mustard tree	Octacosanol,1-triacontanol, β-sitosterol	19
Aloe barbadensis	Aloe vera	Emodin and lectins	20
Azadirachta indica	Neem	Nimbin, Azadirachtin Nimbidin	21
Ocimum basilicum	Basil	Cirsimaritin, cirsilineol and Isothymusin	22
Punica granatum	Pomegranate	Ellagic acid and Anthocyanidins	23
Terminalia chebula	Chebulic myrobalan	Chebulin, Ellagic acid, Chebulinic acid, Gallic acid and Ethyl gallate	24
Anti-bacterial
Eugenia caryophyllata	Clove	Eugenol	25
Achyranthe saspera	Prickly chaff flower	Triterpenoids, saponins and long-chain alcohols	26
Hibiscus rosasinensis	Rose mallow	Tannins, Anthraquinones, phenol and Alkaloids	27
Aegle marmelos	Japanese bitter orange	Alkaloid	28
Astringent
Acacia Arabica	Gum Arabic tree	Phlobatannins, gallic acid leucoanthocyanidin	29
Anti-oxidant
Emblica officinalis	Indian gooseberry	Emblicanin	30
Anti-inflammatory
Syzygium cumini	Black plum	Betulinic acid, Friedelin and Eugenin	31
Local anesthetic
Eugenia caryophyllata	Clove	Eugenol	32
Analgesics
Ficus benghalensis	Indian Banyan	Anthocyanins and Leucodelphinidin	33
Sweaters
Stevia rebaudiana	Sweet leaf	Stevioside,steviolbioside and rebaudiosides	34
Flavors
Citrus sinensis	Citrus aurantium	Carveol, carvone and perillyl alcohol	35

The above powder/ burnt ash work as an abrasive material

The herbs use in tooth powders with multiple properties were shown in table 3.

Table 3: Herbals uses in tooth powders with multiple activities

Botanical name	Common name	Chemical Constituents	Reference
Anti-bacterial and Astringent
Salvadora  persica	Mustard tree	Octacosanol,1-triacontanol, β-sitosterol	36
Anti-bacterial and Anti-oxidant
Mangifera indica	Mango	Protocatechin acid, catechin, mangiferin and Alanine	37
Antibacterial and Anti-inflammatory
Pongamia pinnata	Indian beech	Demethoxy-kanugin, kaempferol, pongamol and pongapin	38
Analgesic and Anti-oxidant
Ficus benghalensis	Indian Banyan	Anthocyanins and Leucodelphinidin	39
Anti-microbial and Flavoring agent
Cinnamomum verum	Ceylon Cinnamon tree	Cinnamaldehyde and cinnamic acid	40

CONCLUSION:

The authors succeeded in compiling the data and made the literature survey on natural tooth powders to wrestle cleansing, prophylaxis, and treatment of gingivitis/infections, flavoring purpose and keep dental hygiene. This study concludes with a desktop reference literature on herbs used in dentifrices for freshness and upholding dental hygiene.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT:

The authors are grateful to the RERDS-CPR of RIPER for providing facilities for this work.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Received on 10.12.2019           Modified on 28.02.2020

Accepted on 06.04.2020         © RJPT All right reserved

Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2020; 13(10):5052-5054.

DOI: 10.5958/0974-360X.2020.00885.9